Anglo Saxon History Anglo Saxon History saxonhistory.co.uk Map Position This map is showing 'Roman Implied, Roman Actual named locations ' of type 'Roman City, Roman Town, Roman Villa, Roman Major Fort, Roman Watch Tower, Roman Port, Roman Bloomery' centered on 51.162752,0.552848 in . Map Logic This map shows Roman roads shown in black derived from Ivan D Margary 'Roman Roads in Britain' published in 1955. These maps are plotted as accurately as is possible from the books. There are problems with mapping 50 years later as there have been significant road and town changes which have hidden some of the original places mentioned in the texts. The red roads are derived from Ivan D Margary 'Roman ways in the Weald' published in 1948. Major Roman locations are shown as icons, please click the icon for the modern location and its Roman name. This map shows the Roman Road course described by Ivan D Margary as 13 which goes from Rochester - Hastings(Rochester - Maidstone - Hastings). Icon Key: Roman City Roman Town Roman Villa Roman Major Fort Roman Watch Tower Roman Bloomery 13 - Rochester to Hastings (Rochester to Maidstone to Hastings) Ivan D Margary Roman Road 13 starting near Rochester in Medway ending near Cripps Corner in East Sussex .... Home Background Landscape ▼ Changing Landscape and Language Sea Levels in AD400(Pevensey) Sea Levels in AD400(The Wash) Sea level changes last 2000 years Andredsweald and Anderida Where are the Roman Roads History of the Romney Marsh The Great Storm 1287AD List of Landscape Documents Local ▼ The Saxon Kingdom of the Haestingas The Cinque Ports 914AD Alfred the Great's fort in Hastings Battle Museum Battle History Society Villagenet Local Gazeteer World War 2 Tank database Simon the Piman(Raspberry Pi) Tourist Guides for the area Romans ▼ First Invasion 55BC Second Invasion 43AD Roman roads in Britannia Ptolemy Geographica Tribes MAP-Margary Roman Roads MAP-Roman Roads South East MAP-Roman Roads South West MAP-Roman Roads Wales MAP-Roman Roads South Midlands MAP-Roman Roads South Yorkshire MAP-Roman Locations Norfolk MAP-Roman Locations Essex MAP-Wealden Roads/Bloomeries Wealden Bloomeries 1st Century Wealden Bloomeries 2nd Century Wealden Bloomeries 3rd Century Wealden Bloomeries 4th Century MAP-Antonine Itinery I Roman Industry in the Brede Valley Decline in Roman Wealden Ironworking The Gallic Empire 260AD - 274AD Types of Roman Fortification List of Roman Documents Saxon Chronicles ▼ 914AD Burghal Hideage Locations - 449AD Ebbsfleet Locations - 455AD Agelesþrep Locations - 485AD Mearcredesburnan Stede Locations - 914AD Eorpeburnan Invaders 1 - Henghest, Horsa and Ã†sc Invaders 2 - The Haestingas Invaders 3 - Aelle Cymen Wlenca Cissa Invaders 4 - West Seaxe (Wessex) 449AD(1) Henghest lands at Ypwinesfleot 449AD(2) the Welsh flee from Henghest 455AD Henghest fights at Agælesþrep 456AD Henghest fights at Wippedesfleote 457AD Henghest fights at Crecganford 457AD the Haestingas !! 473AD - Welsh Flee again (Henghest and Ã†sc) 477AD Ã†lle lands at Cymensora 485AD Ã†lle and Mearcrædesburnan stæðe 491AD Ã†lle fights at Andredescester 495AD Cerdic lands at Cerdicesora 501AD Port arrives at Portesmuþa 508AD Cerdicesford and Netley 514AD Stuff and Whitgar 519AD Cerdic & Cynric at Cerdicesford 527AD Cerdic & Cynric at Cerdicesleigh 530AD - Wihtgarabyrg (Cerdic and Cynric) 534AD - Isle of Wight given to Stuff and Wihtgar 552AD - Searobyrg (Cynric) 556AD - Beranbyrg (Cynric and Ceawlin) 568AD - Wibban dune (Ceaulin and Cuþa) 1066 Battle ▼ Documentary Evidence ▼ Available Documents  1 Anglo Saxon Chronicles  2 Battle Abbey Chronicles  3 Bayeux Tapestry  4 Carmen Guy d'Amiens  5 Florence of Worcester  6 Henry of Huntingdon  7 Master Wace  8 Orderic Vitalis(Gesta)  9 William of Jumièges(Gesta) 10 William of Malmesbury 11 Quedam Exceptiones Reference to Locations Phases of the Events ▼ Phases 1066AD  1 Background 1066AD  2 In Normandy 1066AD  3 Channel Crossing 1066AD  4 The Landing 1066AD  5 Feast after Landing 1066AD  6 Building the Forts 1066AD  7 Raiding the Area 1066AD  8 Warning to Harold 1066AD  9 Stamford Bridge 1066AD 10 Harold returns to London 1066AD 11 William is Alerted 1066AD 12 Exchange of Messages 1066AD 13 Defenses 1066AD 14 Harold Reconnoitres 1066AD 15 Preparations 1066AD 16 The Night Before 1066AD 17 The Battle 1066AD 18 Harold is Killed 1066AD 19 The English Rout 1066AD 20 After the Battle 1066AD 21 The Malfosse Warriors, Weapons & Snippets ▼ Saxon - Huscarl Saxon - Fyrd(Fyrð) Senlac Hill The Malfosse The Hoar Apple Tree The Shield Wall Salt Production near Hastings The Battle of Jengland 851AD William's Ship List Norman/Viking Ships and stuff Norman bows and crossbows Harold was NOT killed by an arrow The Time Team(1066-The Lost Battlefield) List of 1066AD Weapons   Setting the Scene  ** Battle Of Hastings Main Menu **  A - Where to find the Hastings Chronicles  B - The Ship list of William the Conqueror  C - Ships - Drekka, Snekkja and Knarr  D - Sailing - Dives sur Mer to St Valerie  E - The Sailing - St Valerie to Pevensey  F - The Coastline and Landscape  G - New Romney Destroyed  H - Why Hastings?  I -Duke Williams army Size and Logistics  J - Landscape of Haestingaport  K - Hastings and its links to Fécamp Abbey  L - The Landing , where was it ?  M - The two or three Castles  N - The Warning to Harold and its implications  O - The Long march from York  P - The Route Choice  Q -Forces available to Harold  R - The Hoar Apple Tree  S - The Intermediary  T - Places named in the Chronicles  U - Evidence for the Battlefield Malfosse  V - the Battle  W - The Location of the Battlefield  X - The Retreat, another Malfosse ?  Y - Bridge collapses in the retreat  Z - Analysis of the suggested_sites ** Battle of Hastings Research ** ** Timeline of 1066AD ** Location - Senlac where is it and what does it mean Site 1 - The Hoar Apple Tree Site 2 - Netherfield Observations - Arrow in the eye ? Observations - Bows and Crossbows Observations - Caltrops Observations - Gonfanon and Wyvern Observations - Huscarl(Housecarl) Observations - Norman Cavalry Observations - The Saxon Shield Wall Observations - Wooden Spades Location - Hecheland where is it ? Location - The Lands of Battle Abbey 1086AD Domesday ▼ Boundary of Anderida Domesday Hursts Post Domesday Hursts Domesday Manors Wasted UK Norfolk Salt Production Salt Production near Hastings The Wash at 1086 The Humber estuary at 1086 Domesday County details B ▼ Bedfordshire Domesday Population Berkshire Domesday Population Buckinghamshire Domesday Population Domesday County details C ▼ Cambridgeshire Domesday Population Cheshire Domesday Population Cornwall Domesday Population Domesday County details D ▼ Derbyshire Domesday Population Devon Domesday Population Dorset Domesday Population Domesday County details E ▼ Essex Domesday Population Domesday County details G ▼ Gloucestershire Domesday Population Domesday County details H ▼ Hampshire Domesday Population Herefordshire Domesday Population Hertfordshire Domesday Population Huntingdonshire Domesday Population Domesday County details K ▼ Kent Domesday Population Domesday County details L ▼ Leicestershire Domesday Population Lincolnshire Domesday Population Domesday County details M ▼ Middlesex Domesday Population Domesday County details N ▼ Norfolk Domesday Population Northamptonshire Domesday Population Nottinghamshire Domesday Population Domesday County details O ▼ Oxfordshire Domesday Population Domesday County details R ▼ Rutland Domesday Population Domesday County details S ▼ Shropshire Domesday Population Somerset Domesday Population Staffordshire Domesday Population Suffolk Domesday Population Surrey Domesday Population Sussex Domesday Population Domesday County details W ▼ Warwickshire Domesday Population Wiltshire Domesday Population Worcestershire Domesday Population Domesday County details Y ▼ Yorkshire Domesday Population Place names ▼ Translate my Location Celtic name snippets Jutish name snippets Roman name snippets Saxon name snippets Viking name snippets Norman name snippets Modern name snippets Villages containing HAM Villages containing TON Villages containing CASTLE Sussex Locations with ING Domesday Sussex with ING Kent Locations with ING Sussex Locations with HURST Loads of Village Translations Snippet 1 - What do eye,island,sea etc  mean ? Snippet 2 - What is a hurst ? Snippet 3 - What is a bury, a borough or burgh Snippet 4 - what is a Hythe, Hithe etc Snippet Places 1 - Tidebrook Res This route passes through the following locations. Rochester   Medway Chatham   Medway Blue Bell Hill   Kent Aylesford   Kent Maidstone   Kent Boughton Monchelsea   Kent Maidstone   Kent Boughton Monchelsea   Kent Tonbridge   Kent Staplehurst   Kent Tonbridge   Kent Cranbrook   Kent Sissinghurst   Kent Cranbrook   Kent Benenden   Kent Sandhurst   Kent Bodiam   East Sussex Robertsbridge   East Sussex Cripps Corner   East Sussex Robertsbridge   East Sussex Cripps Corner   East Sussex Current translation for Rochester   Rochester derived from Hrofæscæ/Hrofcæster  – hrof - roofed(more specifically ship shed) - so shipbuilding cæster - roman fortified town- from latin castrum “Hrof” Found in Domesday 1086AD Name found: Rovecestre (Kent) Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Chatham   chat derived from cete  – A cabin or cellar   ham derived from hamm  – Denotes a piece of land surrounded with paling, wicker-work, etc., and so defended against water, which would otherwise wash it away, so a valley settlement or settlement with a jetty. “Cabin or cellar denotes a piece of land surrounded with paling, wicker” Found in Domesday 1086AD Names found: Ceteham (Kent) Cetham (Essex) Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Blue Bell Hill   blue derived from bleo  – blue   bell derived from bæl  – fire, flame probably the fire of a funeral pile a crematorium   hill derived from hyll  – a hill “Blue fire, flame probably the fire of a funeral pile a crematorium hill” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Aylesford   ayles derived from æles  – eels   ford derived from forda  – shallow place where a river can be crossed “Eels shallow place where a river can be crossed” Found in Domesday 1086AD Name found: Elesford (Kent) Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Maidstone   maid derived from mæd  – a meadow   stone derived from stan  – stone - probably a roman road, milestone or builders stone “Stone meadow” Found in Domesday 1086AD Name found: Meddestane (Kent) Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Boughton Monchelsea   bough derived from boh  – anything curved or bent such as a tree bough   ton derived from tun  – a settlement on a hill   monchelsea derived from montchensie  – a norman knight from the battle abbey role 1066AD “Norman knight from the battle abbey role 1066ad anything curved or bent such as a tree bough settlement on a hill” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Maidstone   maid derived from mæd  – a meadow   stone derived from stan  – stone - probably a roman road, milestone or builders stone “Stone meadow” Found in Domesday 1086AD Name found: Meddestane (Kent) Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Boughton Monchelsea   bough derived from boh  – anything curved or bent such as a tree bough   ton derived from tun  – a settlement on a hill   monchelsea derived from montchensie  – a norman knight from the battle abbey role 1066AD “Norman knight from the battle abbey role 1066ad anything curved or bent such as a tree bough settlement on a hill” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Tonbridge   ton derived from tun  – a settlement on a hill   bridge derived from bricge  – a bridge “Bridge settlement on a hill” Found in Domesday 1086AD Name found: Tonebrige (Kent) Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Staplehurst   staple derived from stapol  – a post, pillar or column - possibly roman milepost   hurst derived from hyrst  – A clearing in the Forest, most were settled after Domesday “Post, pillar or column clearing in the forest, most were settled after domesday” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Tonbridge   ton derived from tun  – a settlement on a hill   bridge derived from bricge  – a bridge “Bridge settlement on a hill” Found in Domesday 1086AD Name found: Tonebrige (Kent) Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Cranbrook   cran derived from cræn  – the bird - crane   brook derived from broc  – a brook or stream “Bird brook or stream” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Sissinghurst   sissinghurst derived from mylkehouse street  – renamed in the 19th century mylke derived from mylc - milk house derived from hus - dwelling, shelter, house - from Proto-Germanic *husan street derived from via strata - originally from the latin via strata(high paved road) -Old English stret (Mercian, Kentish), stræt (West Saxon) “Renamed in the 19th century<br> mylke derived from mylc” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Cranbrook   cran derived from cræn  – the bird - crane   brook derived from broc  – a brook or stream “Bird brook or stream” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Benenden   benen derived from binne  – a manger - so most likely sheep   den derived from dænu/den-bera  – a valley / a forest swine pasture, most were settled after Domesday “Manger valley” Found in Domesday 1086AD Name found: Benindene (Kent) Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Sandhurst   sand derived from sand  – sand   hurst derived from hyrst  – A clearing in the Forest, most were settled after Domesday “Sand clearing in the forest, most were settled after domesday” Found in Domesday 1086AD Names found: Sanher (Gloucestershire) Sapina (Gloucestershire) Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Bodiam   bodi derived from bodan  – ships keel - probably shipyard   am derived from hamm  – Denotes a piece of land surrounded with paling, wicker-work, etc., and so defended against water, which would otherwise wash it away, so a valley settlement or settlement with a jetty. “Ships keel denotes a piece of land surrounded with paling, wicker” Found in Domesday 1086AD Names found: Bodeham (Sussex) Borham (Sussex) Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Robertsbridge   roberts derived from roðer  – sailor or rower probably means sea inlet or deep river   bridge derived from bricge  – a bridge “Bridge sailor or rower probably means sea inlet or deep river” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Cripps Corner   cripps derived from krip  – Abbot of Robertsbridge Abbey 1332   corner derived from corne  – a corner, projecting point, horn “Abbot of robertsbridge abbey 1332 corner, projecting point, horn” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Robertsbridge   roberts derived from roðer  – sailor or rower probably means sea inlet or deep river   bridge derived from bricge  – a bridge “Bridge sailor or rower probably means sea inlet or deep river” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Cripps Corner   cripps derived from krip  – Abbot of Robertsbridge Abbey 1332   corner derived from corne  – a corner, projecting point, horn “Abbot of robertsbridge abbey 1332 corner, projecting point, horn” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk   Locations Shown on map Original Name Type County Current Name Anderida  Roman Major Fort  Sussex  Modern name is Pevensey Anderitum  Roman Major Fort  Sussex  Modern name is Pevensey Bath house  Roman Villa  Sussex  Calleva Atrebatum  Roman Town    Modern name is Silchester Castle Bank  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Hill  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Hill  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Shaw  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Castleham  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Dubris  Roman Major Fort  Kent  Modern name is Dover Durobrivae  Roman Town    Modern name is Rochester Durovernum  Roman Town    Modern name is Canterbury Iping Roman Station  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Modern name is Iping Lemanis (Stutfall Castle) (Roman Fort)  Roman City  Kent  Londinium  Roman City    Modern name is London Noviomagus Regnorum  Roman Town    Modern name is Chichester Old Castle  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Owls Castle  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Portus Adurni  Roman Major Fort  Hampshire  Modern name is Portchester Portus Dubris  Roman Town    Modern name is Dover Portus Lemanis  Roman Major Fort  Kent  Modern name is Port Lympne Regulbium  Roman Major Fort    Modern name is Reculver Roman Bloomery Bardown  Roman Bloomery  Sussex  Roman Bloomery Bates Farm (Wittersham Manor)  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Beauport Park  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Bodiam 1  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Bodiam 2  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Broadfield  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Brook House / Oxley Wood 1  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Burnthouse Wood, Ludley Farm  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Bynes Farm  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Chapel Farm  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Church Farm Field  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Church Field, Old Place  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Coldharbour Farm  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Cow Park  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Crowhurst Park  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Footlands  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Frankham, Mark Cross  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Front Wood, Bevingford 1  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Furnace Gill  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Garden Hill  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Glossams Place  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Godleys Field  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Great Cansiron (Blacklands)  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Great Warren Field  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Harrietsham Church  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Hempstead Wood 1  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Holbeanwood  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Howbourne  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Huggit's Farm  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Kitchenham Farm  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Knowle Farm  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Limney Farm 1  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Little Farningham Farm 1  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Little Farningham Farm 2  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Little Furnace Wood  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Lovehurst  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Lower Crutches  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Magreed Farm  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Markly Wood  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Newnham Park, Chillies Farm  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Oakenden Farm  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Oaklands Park  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Oldlands  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Petley Wood  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Pett Barn  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Pett Barn 40 Acres  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Pett Place  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Pounsley  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Primrose Dell  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Ridge Hill  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Romden  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Runhams Farm  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Standen  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Tanyard Farm  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Upper Wilting Farm  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Walesbeech  Roman Bloomery    Roman Bloomery Westhawk Farm 1  Roman Bloomery    Rutupiae  Roman Major Fort  Kent  Modern name is Richborough Stutfall Castle (Roman Fort)  Roman City  Kent  External References in no particular order :- Anglo Saxon Chronicles Online Anglo Saxon dictionary Online Etymology dictionary Open Domesday Book - The first free online copy of the Domesday Book The Ermine Street Guard Roman re-enactment and research Society The "Kent A" cadastre - page 5 - Peterson 2002 Archaeologia Cantiana Online Romney Marsh Research Trust Romney Marsh the Fifth Continent VillageNet the reference guide to villages in Kent & Sussex Global warming Flood Maps The Anglo Saxon Chronicles Google Maps - the core of the system GeoPlaner - Useful site for plotting map data Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars 55BC(Books 4 & 5) Wikipedia - Caesar's invasions of Britain Wikipedia - Portus Istus The Geography of Claudius Ptolemy (Bill Thayers) Roman Britain.org Runetree Beowulf Bayeux Tapestry Online The Secrets of the Norman Invasion Chronicles of John of Worcester Battle Historic Society Binsted village website(Mearcredesburnan Steðe) The Spears of Andred Find British Archaelogical Sites Wealden Iron Research Group Topographic Map of the UK

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