Anglo Saxon History Anglo Saxon History saxonhistory.co.uk Map Position This map shows the position of locations containing 'cad, cald, castle, cold, anderida' centered on Northiam in Sussex. Map Logic This map shows the occurrance of villages containing 'castle', the Romney Marsh is shown as at Roman times   Icon Key: Village Farm/House Wood Roman City Roman Major Fort Roman Watch Tower Castle/Fort Roman Bloomery Places containing Stone Locations in the South East containing the word Castle Home Background Landscape ▼ Changing Landscape and Language Sea Levels in AD400(Pevensey) Sea Levels in AD400(The Wash) Sea level changes last 2000 years Andredsweald and Anderida Where are the Roman Roads History of the Romney Marsh The Great Storm 1287AD List of Landscape Documents Local ▼ The Saxon Kingdom of the Haestingas The Cinque Ports 914AD Alfred the Great's fort in Hastings Battle Museum Battle History Society Villagenet Local Gazeteer World War 2 Tank database Simon the Piman(Raspberry Pi) Tourist Guides for the area Romans ▼ First Invasion 55BC Second Invasion 43AD Roman roads in Britannia Ptolemy Geographica Tribes MAP-Margary Roman Roads MAP-Roman Roads South East MAP-Roman Roads South West MAP-Roman Roads Wales MAP-Roman Roads South Midlands MAP-Roman Roads South Yorkshire MAP-Roman Locations Norfolk MAP-Roman Locations Essex MAP-Wealden Roads/Bloomeries Wealden Bloomeries 1st Century Wealden Bloomeries 2nd Century Wealden Bloomeries 3rd Century Wealden Bloomeries 4th Century MAP-Antonine Itinery I Roman Industry in the Brede Valley Decline in Roman Wealden Ironworking The Gallic Empire 260AD - 274AD Types of Roman Fortification List of Roman Documents Saxon Chronicles ▼ 914AD Burghal Hideage Locations - 449AD Ebbsfleet Locations - 455AD Agelesþrep Locations - 485AD Mearcredesburnan Stede Locations - 914AD Eorpeburnan Invaders 1 - Henghest, Horsa and Æsc Invaders 2 - The Haestingas Invaders 3 - Aelle Cymen Wlenca Cissa Invaders 4 - West Seaxe (Wessex) 449AD(2) the Welsh flee from Henghest 449AD(1) Henghest lands at Ypwinesfleot 455AD Henghest fights at Agælesþrep 456AD Henghest fights at Wippedesfleote 457AD Henghest fights at Crecganford 457AD the Haestingas !! 473AD - Welsh Flee again (Henghest and Æsc) 477AD Ælle lands at Cymensora 485AD Ælle and Mearcrædesburnan stæðe 491AD Ælle fights at Andredescester 495AD Cerdic lands at Cerdicesora 501AD Port arrives at Portesmuþa 508AD Cerdicesford and Netley 514AD Stuff and Whitgar 519AD Cerdic & Cynric at Cerdicesford 527AD Cerdic & Cynric at Cerdicesleigh 530AD - Wihtgarabyrg (Cerdic and Cynric) 534AD - Isle of Wight given to Stuff and Wihtgar 552AD - Searobyrg (Cynric) 556AD - Beranbyrg (Cynric and Ceawlin) 568AD - Wibban dune (Ceaulin and Cuþa) 1066 Battle ▼ Documentary Evidence ▼ Available Documents  1 Anglo Saxon Chronicles  2 Battle Abbey Chronicles  3 Bayeux Tapestry  4 Carmen Guy d'Amiens  5 Florence of Worcester  6 Henry of Huntingdon  7 Master Wace  8 Orderic Vitalis(Gesta)  9 William of Jumièges(Gesta) 10 William of Malmesbury 11 Quedam Exceptiones Reference to Locations Phases of the Events ▼ Phases 1066AD  1 Background 1066AD  2 In Normandy 1066AD  3 Channel Crossing 1066AD  4 The Landing 1066AD  5 Feast after Landing 1066AD  6 Building the Forts 1066AD  7 Raiding the Area 1066AD  8 Warning to Harold 1066AD  9 Stamford Bridge 1066AD 10 Harold returns to London 1066AD 11 William is Alerted 1066AD 12 Exchange of Messages 1066AD 13 Defenses 1066AD 14 Harold Reconnoitres 1066AD 15 Preparations 1066AD 16 The Night Before 1066AD 17 The Battle 1066AD 18 Harold is Killed 1066AD 19 The English Rout 1066AD 20 After the Battle 1066AD 21 The Malfosse Warriors, Weapons & Snippets ▼ Saxon - Huscarl Saxon - Fyrd(Fyrð) Senlac Hill The Malfosse The Hoar Apple Tree The Shield Wall Salt Production near Hastings The Battle of Jengland 851AD William's Ship List Norman/Viking Ships and stuff Norman bows and crossbows Harold was NOT killed by an arrow The Time Team(1066-The Lost Battlefield) List of 1066AD Weapons Battle of Hastings Index 1066AD a Summary A - The Ship list of William the Conqueror B - Ships - Drekka, Snekkja and Knarr C - Why Hastings? D - Sailing - Dives sur Mer to St Valerie E - The Sailing - St Valerie to Pevensey F - The Coastline and Landscape G - New Romney Destroyed H -Duke Williams army size and logistics I - Landscape of Haestingaport J - Hastings and its links to Fécamp Abbey K - The Landing , where was it ? L - The Warning to Harold and its implications M - The Castles N - The Hoar Apple Tree O - The Intermediary P - Places named in the Chronicles Q - Evidence for the Malfosse S - The Location of the Battlefield S1 - The Hoar Apple Tree T - Bridge collapses in the retreat Where to find the Hastings Chronicles Observations - Arrow in the eye ? Observations - Bows and Crossbows Observations - Huscarl(Housecarl) Observations - Norman Cavalry Observations - The Saxon Shield Wall LOCATION - Hecheland where is it ? LOCATION - The Lands of Battle Abbey 1086AD Domesday ▼ Boundary of Anderida Domesday Hursts Post Domesday Hursts Domesday Manors Wasted UK Norfolk Salt Production Salt Production near Hastings The Wash at 1086 The Humber estuary at 1086 Domesday County details B ▼ Bedfordshire Domesday Population Berkshire Domesday Population Buckinghamshire Domesday Population Domesday County details C ▼ Cambridgeshire Domesday Population Cheshire Domesday Population Cornwall Domesday Population Domesday County details D ▼ Derbyshire Domesday Population Devon Domesday Population Dorset Domesday Population Domesday County details E ▼ Essex Domesday Population Domesday County details G ▼ Gloucestershire Domesday Population Domesday County details H ▼ Hampshire Domesday Population Herefordshire Domesday Population Hertfordshire Domesday Population Huntingdonshire Domesday Population Domesday County details K ▼ Kent Domesday Population Domesday County details L ▼ Leicestershire Domesday Population Lincolnshire Domesday Population Domesday County details M ▼ Middlesex Domesday Population Domesday County details N ▼ Norfolk Domesday Population Northamptonshire Domesday Population Nottinghamshire Domesday Population Domesday County details O ▼ Oxfordshire Domesday Population Domesday County details R ▼ Rutland Domesday Population Domesday County details S ▼ Shropshire Domesday Population Somerset Domesday Population Staffordshire Domesday Population Suffolk Domesday Population Surrey Domesday Population Sussex Domesday Population Domesday County details W ▼ Warwickshire Domesday Population Wiltshire Domesday Population Worcestershire Domesday Population Domesday County details Y ▼ Yorkshire Domesday Population Place names ▼ Translate my Location Celtic name snippets Jutish name snippets Roman name snippets Saxon name snippets Viking name snippets Norman name snippets Modern name snippets Villages containing HAM Villages containing TON Villages containing CASTLE Sussex Locations with ING Domesday Sussex with ING Kent Locations with ING Sussex Locations with HURST Loads of Village Translations Snippet 1 - What do eye,island,sea etc  mean ? Snippet 2 - What is a hurst ? Snippet Places 1 - Tidebrook Snippet 3 - What is a bury, a borough or burgh Res   Our interpretation of the term 'castle' found in location names in the UK is most likely derived from the latin castellum a Roman term meaning a Fortlet or watch tower. Many places ending in castle are actually descriptive of later Norman Castles in a location, but these may have been originally in areas where the early Roman fortlets were found. As you can see, in Southern England the majority of these locations lie on known Roman roads or ridgeways, and are associated with earthworks. This implies that they were Roman fortlets that protect main routes. There are a number of these locations, especially those along the north of the high weald ridge that are not on a known road but appear as a straight line implying a road on this ridge. Castellum were Roman military watch towers built of wood or stone and were built on major routes or borders to protect and provide warning of invaders. In the South of England, the majority would have been wooden as the forest of Silva Anderida would have provided raw materials. These map locations are usually associated with nearby earthworks in the South of England, good examples of this are Castle Farm at Mountfield with its nearby associated earthworks, this association is also found at Castle field at Winchelsea, Castle Toll at Newenden in Kent and Castle hill Brenchley among others. Photos of reconstructed Roman Fortlet can be seen below, click the photo below to go to their page on the subject. An artists impression of the Castellum at Hoge Woerd - Holland The reconstructed Castellum at Hoge Woerd - Holland Reconstructed watchtower, between Bad Nauheim and Pfaffenwiesbach, Germany. Total Locations shown on this map is 123   Locations Shown on map Original Name Type County Current Name Allington Castle  Castle/Fort  Kent  Anderida  Roman Major Fort  Sussex  Modern name is Pevensey Betchworth Castle  Castle/Fort  Surrey  Bolebroke Castle  Castle/Fort  Sussex  Cadborough  Roman Signalling Station  Sussex  Cadborough Fm  Roman Signalling Station  Sussex  Cade Street  Village  Sussex  Cadlington Ho  Farm/House  Hampshire  Cadman's Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Cadman's Wood  Wood  Kent  Caldecott Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Camber Castle  Castle/Fort  Sussex  Castle  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Castle Bank  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Bank  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Bank (Earthworks)  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Bottom National Nature Reserve  Roman Watch Tower  Hampshire  Castle Field  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Castle Fm  Farm/House  Sussex  Castle Fm  Farm/House  Sussex  Castle Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Castle Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Castle Goring  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Castle Green  Roman Watch Tower  Surrey  Castle Hill  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Castle Hill  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Castle Hill  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Hill  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Hill  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Hill  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Hill  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Hill  Roman Watch Tower  Surrey  Castle Hill  Roman Watch Tower  Surrey  Castle Hill Fm  Farm/House  Sussex  Castle Hill Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Castle Ho  Roman Watch Tower  Surrey  Castle Hotel  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Mound  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Castle Rough  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Shaw  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Castle Toll  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Castle Town  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Castle, The  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Castlegate Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Castleham  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Coates Castle  Castle/Fort  Sussex  Cold Ash Hill  Village  Hampshire  Cold Blow  Farm/House  Kent  Cold Harbour  Farm/House  Kent  Cold Harbour  Farm/House  Kent  Cold Harbour  Village  Kent  Cold Harbour Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Cold Norton Fm  Farm/House  Surrey  Coldblow  Farm/House  Kent  Coldblow  Farm/House  Kent  Coldblow Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Coldbridge Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Coldbridge Wood  Wood  Kent  Coldean  Village  City of Brighton and Hove  Coldharbour  Farm/House  Sussex  Coldharbour  Wood  Kent  Coldharbour  Wood  Kent  Coldharbour  Village  Surrey  Coldharbour  Wood  Kent  Coldharbour  Village  Kent  Coldharbour  Wood  Kent  Coldharbour Common  Farm/House  Surrey  Coldharbour Fm  Farm/House  Sussex  Coldharbour Fm  Farm/House  Sussex  Coldharbour Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Coldharbour Fm  Farm/House  Sussex  Coldharbour Fm  Farm/House  Sussex  Coldharbour Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Coldharbour Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Coldharbour Fm  Farm/House  Surrey  Coldharbour Manor  Farm/House  Sussex  Coldharbour Marshes  Farm/House  Kent  Coldhayes  Farm/House  Hampshire  Coldicott Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Coldred  Village  Kent  Coldred Court Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Coldrey  Farm/House  Hampshire  Coldswood Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Coldwaltham  Village  Sussex  Coldwaltham Fm  Farm/House  Sussex  Eynesford Castle  Castle/Fort  Kent  Gravel Castle  Village  Kent  Herstmonceux Castle  Castle/Fort  Sussex  Hever Castle Fm  Farm/House  Kent  High Castle Wood  Wood  Kent  Hollingbury Castle  Castle/Fort  City of Brighton and Hove  Horncastle Wood  Wood  Sussex  Iron-Working Coldharbour Farm  Bloomery 200AD  Sussex  Knepp Castle  Castle/Fort  Sussex  Knepp Castle  Castle/Fort  Sussex  Lemanis (Stutfall Castle) (Roman Fort)  Roman City  Kent  Lullingstane Castle  Places containing Stone  Kent  Lullingstone Castle  Castle/Fort  Kent  Lympne Castle  Castle/Fort  Kent  Mereworth Castle  Castle/Fort  Kent  New Castle Fm  Farm/House  Sussex  Newcastle Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Odiham Castle  Castle/Fort  Hampshire  Old Castle  Roman Watch Tower  Sussex  Owls Castle  Roman Watch Tower  Kent  Owls Castle Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Owlscastle Fm  Farm/House  Sussex  Powderham Castle  Castle/Fort  Hampshire  Rats Castle  Castle/Fort  Kent  Roman Bloomery Coldharbour Farm  Roman Bloomery    Romden Castle  Castle/Fort  Kent  Rowlands Castle  Village  Hampshire  Royal Military Academy  Farm/House  Bracknell Forest  Sandown Castle  Castle/Fort  Kent  Scotney Castle  Castle/Fort  Kent  Sedgwick Castle  Castle/Fort  Sussex  Sissinghurst Castle  Castle/Fort  Kent  Starborough Castle  Roman Signalling Station  Surrey  Stone Castle Fm  Farm/House  Kent  Stutfall Castle  Castle/Fort  Kent  Stutfall Castle (Roman Fort)  Roman City  Kent  Wadhurst Castle  Castle/Fort  Sussex  Westenhanger Castle  Castle/Fort  Kent  External References in no particular order :- Anglo Saxon Chronicles Online Anglo Saxon dictionary Online Etymology dictionary Open Domesday Book - The first free online copy of the Domesday Book The Ermine Street Guard Roman re-enactment and research Society The "Kent A" cadastre - page 5 - Peterson 2002 Archaeologia Cantiana Online Romney Marsh Research Trust Romney Marsh the Fifth Continent VillageNet the reference guide to villages in Kent & Sussex Global warming Flood Maps The Anglo Saxon Chronicles Google Maps - the core of the system GeoPlaner - Useful site for plotting map data Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars 55BC(Books 4 & 5) Wikipedia - Caesar's invasions of Britain Wikipedia - Portus Istus The Geography of Claudius Ptolemy (Bill Thayers) Roman Britain.org Runetree Beowulf Bayeux Tapestry Online The Secrets of the Norman Invasion Chronicles of John of Worcester Battle Historic Society Binsted village website(Mearcredesburnan Steðe) The Spears of Andred Find British Archaelogical Sites Wealden Iron Research Group Topographic Map of the UK

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