Anglo Saxon History Anglo Saxon History saxonhistory.co.uk Map Position This map is showing 'Roman Implied, Roman Actual named locations ' of type 'Roman City, Roman Town, Roman Villa, Roman Major Fort, Roman Watch Tower, Roman Port, Roman Bloomery' centered on 54.52015,-2.21858 in . Map Logic This map shows Roman roads shown in black derived from Ivan D Margary 'Roman Roads in Britain' published in 1955. These maps are plotted as accurately as is possible from the books. There are problems with mapping 50 years later as there have been significant road and town changes which have hidden some of the original places mentioned in the texts. The red roads are derived from Ivan D Margary 'Roman ways in the Weald' published in 1948. Major Roman locations are shown as icons, please click the icon for the modern location and its Roman name. This map shows the Roman Road course described by Ivan D Margary as 82 which goes from Scotch Corner - Penrith(Scotch Corner - Penrith). Icon Key: Roman City Roman Watch Tower 82 - Scotch Corner to Penrith (Scotch Corner to Penrith) Ivan D Margary Roman Road 82 starting near Richmond in North Yorkshire ending near Penrith in Cumbria .... Home Background Landscape ▼ Changing Landscape and Language Sea Levels in AD400(Pevensey) Sea Levels in AD400(The Wash) Sea level changes last 2000 years Andredsweald and Anderida Where are the Roman Roads History of the Romney Marsh The Great Storm 1287AD List of Landscape Documents Local ▼ The Saxon Kingdom of the Haestingas The Cinque Ports 914AD Alfred the Great's fort in Hastings Battle Museum Battle History Society Villagenet Local Gazeteer World War 2 Tank database Simon the Piman(Raspberry Pi) Tourist Guides for the area Romans ▼ First Invasion 55BC Second Invasion 43AD Roman roads in Britannia Ptolemy Geographica Tribes MAP-Margary Roman Roads MAP-Roman Roads South East MAP-Roman Roads South West MAP-Roman Roads Wales MAP-Roman Roads South Midlands MAP-Roman Roads South Yorkshire MAP-Roman Locations Norfolk MAP-Roman Locations Essex MAP-Wealden Roads/Bloomeries Wealden Bloomeries 1st Century Wealden Bloomeries 2nd Century Wealden Bloomeries 3rd Century Wealden Bloomeries 4th Century MAP-Antonine Itinery I Roman Industry in the Brede Valley Decline in Roman Wealden Ironworking The Gallic Empire 260AD - 274AD Types of Roman Fortification List of Roman Documents Saxon Chronicles ▼ 914AD Burghal Hideage Locations - 449AD Ebbsfleet Locations - 455AD Agelesþrep Locations - 485AD Mearcredesburnan Stede Locations - 914AD Eorpeburnan Invaders 1 - Henghest, Horsa and Ã†sc Invaders 2 - The Haestingas Invaders 3 - Aelle Cymen Wlenca Cissa Invaders 4 - West Seaxe (Wessex) 449AD(2) the Welsh flee from Henghest 449AD(1) Henghest lands at Ypwinesfleot 455AD Henghest fights at Agælesþrep 456AD Henghest fights at Wippedesfleote 457AD Henghest fights at Crecganford 457AD the Haestingas !! 473AD - Welsh Flee again (Henghest and Ã†sc) 477AD Ã†lle lands at Cymensora 485AD Ã†lle and Mearcrædesburnan stæðe 491AD Ã†lle fights at Andredescester 495AD Cerdic lands at Cerdicesora 501AD Port arrives at Portesmuþa 508AD Cerdicesford and Netley 514AD Stuff and Whitgar 519AD Cerdic & Cynric at Cerdicesford 527AD Cerdic & Cynric at Cerdicesleigh 530AD - Wihtgarabyrg (Cerdic and Cynric) 534AD - Isle of Wight given to Stuff and Wihtgar 552AD - Searobyrg (Cynric) 556AD - Beranbyrg (Cynric and Ceawlin) 568AD - Wibban dune (Ceaulin and Cuþa) 1066 Battle ▼ Documentary Evidence ▼ Available Documents  1 Anglo Saxon Chronicles  2 Battle Abbey Chronicles  3 Bayeux Tapestry  4 Carmen Guy d'Amiens  5 Florence of Worcester  6 Henry of Huntingdon  7 Master Wace  8 Orderic Vitalis(Gesta)  9 William of Jumièges(Gesta) 10 William of Malmesbury 11 Quedam Exceptiones Reference to Locations Phases of the Events ▼ Phases 1066AD  1 Background 1066AD  2 In Normandy 1066AD  3 Channel Crossing 1066AD  4 The Landing 1066AD  5 Feast after Landing 1066AD  6 Building the Forts 1066AD  7 Raiding the Area 1066AD  8 Warning to Harold 1066AD  9 Stamford Bridge 1066AD 10 Harold returns to London 1066AD 11 William is Alerted 1066AD 12 Exchange of Messages 1066AD 13 Defenses 1066AD 14 Harold Reconnoitres 1066AD 15 Preparations 1066AD 16 The Night Before 1066AD 17 The Battle 1066AD 18 Harold is Killed 1066AD 19 The English Rout 1066AD 20 After the Battle 1066AD 21 The Malfosse Warriors, Weapons & Snippets ▼ Saxon - Huscarl Saxon - Fyrd(Fyrð) Senlac Hill The Malfosse The Hoar Apple Tree The Shield Wall Salt Production near Hastings The Battle of Jengland 851AD William's Ship List Norman/Viking Ships and stuff Norman bows and crossbows Harold was NOT killed by an arrow The Time Team(1066-The Lost Battlefield) List of 1066AD Weapons  ** Battle Of Hastings Main Menu ** A - Setting the Scene B - Where to find the Hastings Chronicles C - The Ship list of William the Conqueror D - Ships - Drekka, Snekkja and Knarr E - Sailing - Dives sur Mer to St Valerie F - The Sailing - St Valerie to Pevensey G - The Coastline and Landscape H - New Romney Destroyed I - Why Hastings? J -Duke Williams army size and logistics K - Landscape of Haestingaport L - Hastings and its links to Fécamp Abbey M - The Landing , where was it ? N - The two or three Castles O - The Warning to Harold and its implications P - The Long march from York Q - The Crowborough Convergence R -Forces available to Harold S - The Hoar Apple Tree Senlac where is it and what does it mean Site 1 - The Hoar Apple Tree Site 2 - Netherfield T - The Intermediary U - Places named in the Chronicles V - Evidence for the Malfosse W - the Battle X - The Location of the Battlefield Y - Bridge collapses in the retreat Z - 1066AD a Summary Z - Analysis of the suggested_sites Observations - Arrow in the eye ? Observations - Bows and Crossbows Observations - Caltrops Observations - Huscarl(Housecarl) Observations - Norman Cavalry Observations - The Saxon Shield Wall Observations - Wooden Spades LOCATION - Hecheland where is it ? LOCATION - The Lands of Battle Abbey 1086AD Domesday ▼ Boundary of Anderida Domesday Hursts Post Domesday Hursts Domesday Manors Wasted UK Norfolk Salt Production Salt Production near Hastings The Wash at 1086 The Humber estuary at 1086 Domesday County details B ▼ Bedfordshire Domesday Population Berkshire Domesday Population Buckinghamshire Domesday Population Domesday County details C ▼ Cambridgeshire Domesday Population Cheshire Domesday Population Cornwall Domesday Population Domesday County details D ▼ Derbyshire Domesday Population Devon Domesday Population Dorset Domesday Population Domesday County details E ▼ Essex Domesday Population Domesday County details G ▼ Gloucestershire Domesday Population Domesday County details H ▼ Hampshire Domesday Population Herefordshire Domesday Population Hertfordshire Domesday Population Huntingdonshire Domesday Population Domesday County details K ▼ Kent Domesday Population Domesday County details L ▼ Leicestershire Domesday Population Lincolnshire Domesday Population Domesday County details M ▼ Middlesex Domesday Population Domesday County details N ▼ Norfolk Domesday Population Northamptonshire Domesday Population Nottinghamshire Domesday Population Domesday County details O ▼ Oxfordshire Domesday Population Domesday County details R ▼ Rutland Domesday Population Domesday County details S ▼ Shropshire Domesday Population Somerset Domesday Population Staffordshire Domesday Population Suffolk Domesday Population Surrey Domesday Population Sussex Domesday Population Domesday County details W ▼ Warwickshire Domesday Population Wiltshire Domesday Population Worcestershire Domesday Population Domesday County details Y ▼ Yorkshire Domesday Population Place names ▼ Translate my Location Celtic name snippets Jutish name snippets Roman name snippets Saxon name snippets Viking name snippets Norman name snippets Modern name snippets Villages containing HAM Villages containing TON Villages containing CASTLE Sussex Locations with ING Domesday Sussex with ING Kent Locations with ING Sussex Locations with HURST Loads of Village Translations Snippet 1 - What do eye,island,sea etc  mean ? Snippet 2 - What is a hurst ? Snippet 3 - What is a bury, a borough or burgh Snippet 4 - what is a Hythe, Hithe etc Snippet Places 1 - Tidebrook Res This route passes through the following locations. Richmond   North Yorkshire East Layton   North Yorkshire Richmond   Newsham   North Yorkshire Barnard Castle   Greta Bridge   County Durham Barnard Castle   County Durham The Square Greta Bridge   County Durham Barnard Castle   County Durham Kirkby Stephen   Cumbria Appleby-in-Westmorland   Cumbria Penrith   Cumbria Temple Sowerby   Cumbria Penrith   Cumbria Current translation for Richmond   rich derived from rice  – powerful ruler   mond derived from mund  – a mound “Powerful ruler mound” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for East Layton   east derived from east  – east   lay derived from leah  – A lea, meadow, open space, untilled land   ton derived from tun  – a settlement on a hill “East lea, meadow, open space, untilled land settlement on a hill” Found in Domesday 1086AD Names found: Latone (Yorkshire) Latton (Yorkshire) Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Richmond   rich derived from rice  – powerful ruler   mond derived from mund  – a mound “Powerful ruler mound” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Newsham   new derived from niwe  – new   sham derived from hamm  – Denotes a piece of land surrounded with paling, wicker-work, etc., and so defended against water, which would otherwise wash it away, so a valley settlement or settlement with a jetty. “New denotes a piece of land surrounded with paling, wicker” Found in Domesday 1086AD Names found: Neuhuse (Berkshire) Neuhuse (Lincolnshire) Neuhusum (Berkshire) Newehusum (Berkshire) Niehusum (Berkshire) Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Barnard Castle   barnard derived from bernarde  – Frech noble called bernarde   starting in castle derived from castellum  – Words starting in castle were probably small Roman forts “Frech noble called bernarde words starting in castle were probably small roman forts” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Greta Bridge   greta derived from grytta  – coarse meal or grit   bridge derived from bricge  – a bridge “Coarse meal or grit bridge” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Barnard Castle   barnard derived from bernarde  – Frech noble called bernarde   starting in castle derived from castellum  – Words starting in castle were probably small Roman forts “Frech noble called bernarde words starting in castle were probably small roman forts” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for The Square Greta Bridge   the derived from þæt  – that   square derived from esquire  – square   greta derived from grytta  – coarse meal or grit   bridge derived from bricge  – a bridge “Square coarse meal or grit bridge” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Barnard Castle   barnard derived from bernarde  – Frech noble called bernarde   starting in castle derived from castellum  – Words starting in castle were probably small Roman forts “Frech noble called bernarde words starting in castle were probably small roman forts” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Kirkby Stephen   kirk derived from kirkja  – church   by derived from by  – near   stephen derived from stephen  – saint stephen “Near saint stephen church” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Appleby In Westmorland   apple derived from apuldre  – apple trees   by derived from by  – near   in derived from en  – the people of   west derived from wæst  – west   mor derived from mor  – a moor, waste and damp land   land derived from land  – ground, earth or field “Near west apple trees moor, waste and damp land ground, earth or field” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Penrith   pen derived from pen  – head or end   rith derived from rið  – a small stream “Small stream head or end” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Temple Sowerby   temple derived from tempel  – a temple/church   sower derived from saurr  – mud, dirt or tainted ground   by derived from by  – near “Near mud, dirt or tainted ground temple” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk Current translation for Penrith   pen derived from pen  – head or end   rith derived from rið  – a small stream “Small stream head or end” Place name translation provided by saxonhistory.co.uk   Locations Shown on map Original Name Type County Current Name Cataractoni  Roman Watch Tower  North Yorkshire  Modern name is Catterick Roper Castle or Round Table (Roman Signal Station)  Roman City  Cumbria  Round Table or Roper Castle (Roman Signal Station)  Roman City  Cumbria  Vinovia  Roman Watch Tower  Durham  Modern name is Binchester External References in no particular order :- Anglo Saxon Chronicles Online Anglo Saxon dictionary Online Etymology dictionary Open Domesday Book - The first free online copy of the Domesday Book The Ermine Street Guard Roman re-enactment and research Society The "Kent A" cadastre - page 5 - Peterson 2002 Archaeologia Cantiana Online Romney Marsh Research Trust Romney Marsh the Fifth Continent VillageNet the reference guide to villages in Kent & Sussex Global warming Flood Maps The Anglo Saxon Chronicles Google Maps - the core of the system GeoPlaner - Useful site for plotting map data Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars 55BC(Books 4 & 5) Wikipedia - Caesar's invasions of Britain Wikipedia - Portus Istus The Geography of Claudius Ptolemy (Bill Thayers) Roman Britain.org Runetree Beowulf Bayeux Tapestry Online The Secrets of the Norman Invasion Chronicles of John of Worcester Battle Historic Society Binsted village website(Mearcredesburnan Steðe) The Spears of Andred Find British Archaelogical Sites Wealden Iron Research Group Topographic Map of the UK

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