Anglo Saxon History Home Background Landscape Changing Landscape and Language Sea Levels in AD400(Pevensey) Sea Levels in AD400(The Wash) Sea level changes last 2000 years Andredsweald and Anderida Where are the Roman Roads History of the Romney Marsh The Great Storm 1287AD List of Landscape Documents Local The Saxon Kingdom of the Haestingas The Cinque Ports 914AD Alfred the Great's fort in Hastings Battle Museum Battle History Society Villagenet Local Gazeteer World War 2 Tank database Simon the Piman(Raspberry Pi) Tourist Guides for the area Romans First Invasion 55BC Second Invasion 43AD Roman roads in Britannia Ptolemy Geographica Tribes MAP-Margary Roman Roads MAP-Roman Roads South East MAP-Roman Roads South West MAP-Roman Roads Wales MAP-Roman Roads South Midlands MAP-Roman Roads South Yorkshire MAP-Roman Locations Norfolk MAP-Roman Locations Essex MAP-Wealden Roads/Bloomeries Wealden Bloomeries 1st Century Wealden Bloomeries 2nd Century Wealden Bloomeries 3rd Century Wealden Bloomeries 4th Century MAP-Antonine Itinery I Roman Industry in the Brede Valley Decline in Roman Wealden Ironworking The Gallic Empire 260AD - 274AD Types of Roman Fortification List of Roman Documents Saxon Chronicles 914AD Burghal Hideage Locations - 449AD Ebbsfleet Locations - 455AD Agelesþrep Locations - 485AD Mearcredesburnan Stede Locations - 914AD Eorpeburnan Saxon Invasion sequence Invaders 1 - Henghest, Horsa and Æsc Invaders 3 - Aelle Cymen Wlenca Cissa Invaders 4 - West Seaxe (Wessex) List of Saxon Chronicles Documents 449AD(1) Henghest lands at Ypwinesfleot 449AD(2) the Welsh flee from Henghest 455AD Henghest fights at Agælesþrep 456AD Henghest fights at Wippedesfleote 457AD Henghest fights at Crecganford 457AD the Haestingas !! 473AD - Welsh Flee again (Henghest and Æsc) 477AD Ælle lands at Cymensora 485AD Ælle and Mearcrædesburnan stæðe 491AD Ælle fights at Andredescester 495AD Cerdic lands at Cerdicesora 501AD Port arrives at Portesmuþa 508AD Cerdicesford and Netley 514AD Stuff and Whitgar 519AD Cerdic & Cynric at Cerdicesford 527AD Cerdic & Cynric at Cerdicesleigh 530AD - Wihtgarabyrg (Cerdic and Cynric) 534AD - Isle of Wight given to Stuff and Wihtgar 552AD - Searobyrg (Cynric) 556AD - Beranbyrg (Cynric and Ceawlin) 568AD - Wibban dune (Ceaulin and Cuþa) 1066 Battle Documentary Evidence Available Documents  1 Anglo Saxon Chronicles  2 Battle Abbey Chronicles  3 Bayeux Tapestry  4 Carmen Guy d'Amiens  5 Florence of Worcester  6 Henry of Huntingdon  7 Master Wace  8 Orderic Vitalis(Gesta)  9 William of Jumièges(Gesta) 10 William of Malmesbury 11 Quedam Exceptiones Reference to Locations Phases of the Events Phases 1066AD  1 Background 1066AD  2 In Normandy 1066AD  3 Channel Crossing 1066AD  4 The Landing 1066AD  5 Feast after Landing 1066AD  6 Building the Forts 1066AD  7 Raiding the Area 1066AD  8 Warning to Harold 1066AD  9 Stamford Bridge 1066AD 10 Harold returns to London 1066AD 11 William is Alerted 1066AD 12 Exchange of Messages 1066AD 13 Defenses 1066AD 14 Harold Reconnoitres 1066AD 15 Preparations 1066AD 16 The Night Before 1066AD 17 The Battle 1066AD 18 Harold is Killed 1066AD 19 The English Rout 1066AD 20 After the Battle 1066AD 21 The Malfosse Warriors, Weapons & Snippets Saxon - Huscarl Saxon - Fyrd(Fyrð) Senlac Hill The Malfosse The Hoar Apple Tree The Shield Wall Salt Production near Hastings The Battle of Jengland 851AD William's Ship List Norman/Viking Ships and stuff Norman bows and crossbows Harold was NOT killed by an arrow The Time Team view of the Battle 1066AD Landscape Details 1066AD Sailing from Normandy 1066AD Norman Landing 1066AD Possible Fort 1066AD to Pevensey and Hastings 1066AD Manors Wasted 1066AD Manors All 1066AD Warning to Harold 1066AD Harold to Hastings  List of 1066AD Documents List of 1066AD Weapons 1086AD Domesday Boundary of Anderida Domesday Hursts Post Domesday Hursts Domesday Manors Wasted UK Norfolk Salt Production Salt Production near Hastings The Wash at 1086 The Humber estuary at 1086 Domesday County details B Bedfordshire Domesday Population Berkshire Domesday Population Buckinghamshire Domesday Population Domesday County details C Cambridgeshire Domesday Population Cheshire Domesday Population Cornwall Domesday Population Domesday County details D Derbyshire Domesday Population Devon Domesday Population Dorset Domesday Population Domesday County details E Essex Domesday Population Domesday County details G Gloucestershire Domesday Population Domesday County details H Hampshire Domesday Population Herefordshire Domesday Population Hertfordshire Domesday Population Huntingdonshire Domesday Population Domesday County details K Kent Domesday Population Domesday County details L Leicestershire Domesday Population Lincolnshire Domesday Population Domesday County details M Middlesex Domesday Population Domesday County details N Norfolk Domesday Population Northamptonshire Domesday Population Nottinghamshire Domesday Population Domesday County details O Oxfordshire Domesday Population Domesday County details R Rutland Domesday Population Domesday County details S Shropshire Domesday Population Somerset Domesday Population Staffordshire Domesday Population Suffolk Domesday Population Surrey Domesday Population Sussex Domesday Population Domesday County details W Warwickshire Domesday Population Wiltshire Domesday Population Worcestershire Domesday Population Domesday County details Y Yorkshire Domesday Population Place names Translate my Location Celtic name snippets Jutish name snippets Roman name snippets Saxon name snippets Viking name snippets Norman name snippets Modern name snippets List of name Snippets Snippet 1 - What is an eye,island etc Snippet 2 - What is a hurst Snippet 3 - What is a bury, a borough or burgh Snippet Places 1 - Tidebrook Villages containing EY/EYE/SEA Villages containing HAM Villages containing TON Villages containing CASTLE Sussex Locations with ING Domesday Sussex with ING Kent Locations with ING Sussex Locations with HURST Loads of Village Translations Res Battle of Hastings 1066AD - A - The Coastline and Landscape The Coastline and Landscape I will try to explain the landscape of 1066AD from other research I have done, you may disagree with my conclusions, but please read and see if I can convince you. This map is the end result of my current investigations into the landscape in 1066AD. A quick overview, it would seem that the sea/high tide level was about 4.5 metres higher than the current level, this is shown on the map in dark blue. Please click on the following link to understand my logic for the sea/high tide levels being higher than today, by using the Saxon island name snippet aeg. Landscape - Was the sea level in Saxon times at Pevensey 4 to 5 metres higher ? and also Landscape - High Tide changes in the last 2000 years. There was also the Forest of Andredsweald which appears to be identifiable using the location name snippet of hurst and the Domesday locations which can be seen on The Great Forest of Andredsweald - Anglo Saxon Chronicles. The green areas in the sea are representations of the amount of land that has eroded since 1066AD, and the orange area shows the shingle banks, with the yellow areas showing the islands of Old Winchelsea and Broomhill. Landscape - The Cliffs of East Sussex and Erosion 450-2024AD The changes in the Romney Marsh are implied with salt marsh shown in pale blue, if you wish to see more details please click the following link Landscape - The History of the Romney Marsh in maps(Pre-Roman to Modern times). The forts shown are the Old Roman Fort of Anderida at Pevensey, and our understanding of the Saxon Burh at Hastings Alfred the Great's fort in Hastings where was it ??. And finally the old Roman Roads(Ivan D Margary) are shown in red, and the old Celtic Ridgeways(Ivan D Margary) are shown in Maroon All Margary Roads. Other Potential Factors Senlac hill is mentioned in only one of the Chronicles from the time, the 'Gesta Normannorum Ducum' written by Orderic Vitalis and does 'Senlac' really mean 'Blood Lake' or 'Sand Lake' is there another explanation. Battle of Hastings 1066AD - Senlac Hill where is it? and what might Senlac mean? Hecheland again only mentioned in one of the Chronicles, this time the 'Chronicles of Battle Abbey', the single line of text could be interpreted as being the Battlefield, or prior to the Battle in 1066. Battle of Hastings 1066AD - Hecheland where is it and what does it mean The Hoar Apple tree again only mentioned in one of the six copies of the Anglo Saxon Chronicles as the Saxon mustering point before the battle, but was it Appledore ? Battle of Hastings 1066AD - The Hoar Apple tree The Saxon Shield Wall this is a much acclaimed defensive Saxon formation, but was this really true or is this just a figment of a Victorian scholars imagination. Battle of Hastings 1066AD - Observations - Saxon Shield Wall - did it really exist? The Malfosse named by the monks at Battle Abbey, but if it were just a story made up by the monks how is it that at least four other chronicles mention a fosse ? Battle of Hastings 1066AD - Observations - Evidence for the Malfosse Yes the Normans sailed across the Channel, but can we identify their route, and is their route effected by the landscape, I would like to think so. Battle of Hastings 1066AD - D - The Sailing - St Valerie to Pevensey Williams Ship List does this list represent the size of the Norman Fleet ? The Ship list of William the Conqueror Romney why did William destroy the town after the 'Battle of Hastings' ? Battle of Hastings 1066AD ‑ E - New Romney   Conclusion The Hastings area is very isolated, and would have only been accessible via ships along the coast or via the old Roman Roads and Celtic Ridgeways through the Forest of Andredsweald. It seems a strange place to invade with cavalry unless something else was important in the area, please click the following link for my thoughts Battle of Hastings 1066AD - A2 - Why invade at Hastings? Copyright saxonhistory.co.uk 2013 - 2025 Contact Simon Author Simon M - Last updated - 2025-05-14 08:21:08 All pages on our site (Sitemap)